Journal: The Science of the Total Environment

Article Title: Sampling methods and assays applied in SARS-CoV-2 exposure assessment

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145903

Figure Lengend Snippet: Data obtained from the chosen articles.

Article Snippet: , 34. SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination on surfaces of a COVID-19 ward in a hospital of Northern Italy: what risk of transmission? , Italy , No , Surface samples from ward in University Hospital of Ferrara , Sampling performed with sterile rayon swabs pre-moistened in sterile phosphate-buffered solution , Viral RNA extraction with Patho Gene-spin Extraction kit (Generon) RT-qPCR targeted the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRp ) gene (Generon), and the orf1ab , spike ( S ), and nucleocapsid ( N ) genes (ThermoFisher) , • SARS-CoV-2 was only detected in 3 samples of two floors and one-bathroom sink. • Reported to persist for a longer duration on surfaces under controlled laboratory conditions. , ( ) .

Techniques: Sampling, Lysis, RNA Extraction, Environmental Monitoring, Virus, Multiplex Assay, Northern Blot, Marker, RNA Detection, Isolation, Membrane, Control, Environmental Sampling, Amplification, Transmission Assay, Aerosol, Diagnostic Assay, Infection, Sterility, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nested PCR, Reverse Transcription, Extraction, Purification, Digital PCR, Preserving, Quantitative RT-PCR, cDNA Synthesis, Magnetic Beads, Incubation, Modification, One Step RT-PCR, Cell Culture, Sequencing

Journal: Matter

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring

doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Wireless Graphene-Based Telemedicine Platform (SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex) for Rapid and Multiplex Electrochemical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Blood and Saliva (A) Schematic illustration of the SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex multisensor telemedicine platform for detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, antibodies (IgG and IgM), and inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP). Data can be wirelessly transmitted to a mobile user interface. WE, working electrode; CE, counter electrode; RE, reference electrode. (B) Mass-producible laser-engraved graphene sensor arrays. (C) Photograph of a disposable and flexible graphene array. (D) Image of a SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex system with a graphene sensor array connected to a printed circuit board for signal processing and wireless communication.

Article Snippet: Mouse NP monoclonal antibody (mAb) (40143-MM05), SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen (40588-V08B), SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody, rabbit mAb (40143-R001), SARS-CoV NP antigen (HCoV-OC43; 40643-V07E), SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-His recombinant protein (HPLC-verified) (40591-V08H), and SARS-CoV Spike S1 protein (S1 subunit, His tag) (40150-V08B1) were purchased from Sino Biological.

Techniques: Multiplex Assay, Biomarker Assay

Journal: Matter

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring

doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Key Information on an Individual's COVID-19 Infection Status Provided by the SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex

Article Snippet: Mouse NP monoclonal antibody (mAb) (40143-MM05), SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen (40588-V08B), SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody, rabbit mAb (40143-R001), SARS-CoV NP antigen (HCoV-OC43; 40643-V07E), SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-His recombinant protein (HPLC-verified) (40591-V08H), and SARS-CoV Spike S1 protein (S1 subunit, His tag) (40150-V08B1) were purchased from Sino Biological.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Matter

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring

doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of Electrochemical Graphene Biosensors Comprising the SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex Platform (A) Scheme detailing the methodology developed for the covalent attachment of the corresponding bioreceptor for the specific capture of the target analytes SARS-CoV-2 NP and CRP (left), and IgG and IgM isotypes against SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein (right). PBA, 1-pyrenebutyric acid; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CAb, capture antibody; PI, polyimide. (B and C) Differential pulse voltammetry (B) and Nyquist plots (C) of a graphene electrode in 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) containing 2.0 mM K 4 Fe(CN) 6 /K 3 Fe(CN) 6 (1:1) after each modification step (S1-IgG assay as representative example): bare graphene (Bare), functionalization with PBA (PBA), immobilization of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein (Protein), blocking with BSA (BSA), recognition of specific S1-IgG (Target), and incubation with enzyme-tagged anti-human IgG antibody (DAb). (D) Comparison of amperometric responses and overlaid signal-to-blank (S/B) ratio (black lines) for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and CRP detection using PBA and 1H-pyrrole-1-propionic acid (PPA) as linkers for the attachment of the corresponding capture bioreceptors. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). (E) Amperometric responses and overlaid S/B ratio (black lines) observed for 0.0 and 500 pg mL −1 NP, 0.0 and 250 ng mL −1 SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM, and 0.0 and 50 ng mL −1 CRP, with 1-, 5-, and 10-min incubation. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Mouse NP monoclonal antibody (mAb) (40143-MM05), SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen (40588-V08B), SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody, rabbit mAb (40143-R001), SARS-CoV NP antigen (HCoV-OC43; 40643-V07E), SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-His recombinant protein (HPLC-verified) (40591-V08H), and SARS-CoV Spike S1 protein (S1 subunit, His tag) (40150-V08B1) were purchased from Sino Biological.

Techniques: Modification, Blocking Assay, Incubation

Journal: Matter

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring

doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of Analytical Sensor Performance for the Detection of Physiological Levels of Target COVID-19 Biomarkers (A) Scheme of sensor preparation for detection of SARS-CoV-2 NP and CRP based on double-sandwich and sandwich assay configurations, respectively. CAb, capture antibody; DAb, detector antibody; DAb 2 , secondary detector antibody; HRP, horseradish peroxidase. (B and C) Calibration curves constructed for NP (B) and CRP (C) detection in PBS (pH 7.4) supplemented with 1.0% BSA. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). (D) Scheme of sensor preparation for detection of S1-IgG and S1-IgM isotypes based on direct assay configurations. (E and F) Calibration curves constructed for S1-IgG (E) and S1-IgM (F) isotype detection in PBS (pH 7.4) supplemented with 1.0% BSA. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Mouse NP monoclonal antibody (mAb) (40143-MM05), SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen (40588-V08B), SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody, rabbit mAb (40143-R001), SARS-CoV NP antigen (HCoV-OC43; 40643-V07E), SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-His recombinant protein (HPLC-verified) (40591-V08H), and SARS-CoV Spike S1 protein (S1 subunit, His tag) (40150-V08B1) were purchased from Sino Biological.

Techniques: Construct

Journal: Matter

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring

doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Investigation of the Selectivity and Multiplexed Performance of the Wireless SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex Platform (A) Selective response of NP, S1-IgG and S1-IgM isotypes, and CRP sensors against different non-target circulating analytes. Interferential molecules were tested at 500 pg mL −1 (with an exception of 50 ng mL −1 for CRP), 250 ng mL −1 , and 50 ng mL −1 for NP, S1-IgG and S1-IgM, and CRP assays, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). (B) Validation of sample concentrations measured using the designed electrochemical sensor against sample concentrations measured using ELISA. (C) Block diagram of the SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex platform. UART, universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter; MCU, microcontroller unit; DAC, digital-to-analog converter; ADC, analog-to-digital converter. (D) Schematic illustration of the graphene sensor array layout. (E) Experimental readings obtained with the functionalized SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex platform after incubation of the four WEs with PBS (pH 7.4) supplemented with 1.0% BSA containing 1.0 ng mL −1 NP (I), 250 ng mL −1 S1-IgG (II), 250 ng mL −1 S1-IgM (III), and 50 ng mL −1 CRP (IV).

Article Snippet: Mouse NP monoclonal antibody (mAb) (40143-MM05), SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen (40588-V08B), SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody, rabbit mAb (40143-R001), SARS-CoV NP antigen (HCoV-OC43; 40643-V07E), SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-His recombinant protein (HPLC-verified) (40591-V08H), and SARS-CoV Spike S1 protein (S1 subunit, His tag) (40150-V08B1) were purchased from Sino Biological.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Blocking Assay, Incubation

Journal: Matter

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring

doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Application of SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex in SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Blood and Saliva Samples from COVID-19-Positive and -Negative Subjects (A and B) Experimental readings obtained with SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex after 10-min incubation of the sensor array with serum samples from a representative COVID-19 RT-PCR-negative (A) and -positive (B) patient. (C) Signal of individual sensor obtained after 1-min incubation with a serum sample from a COVID-19-positive patient (dark color) versus the signal obtained after 10-min incubation with a serum sample from a COVID-19-negative patient (light color). (D) Box-and-whisker plot of measured signal-to-blank ratios (S/B) for NP, S1-IgG, S1-IgM, and CRP in RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19-positive (n = 5) and -negative (n = 6) serum samples. (E) Box-and-whisker plot of measured S/B for NP, S1-IgG, S1-IgM, and CRP in RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19-positive (n = 5) and -negative (n = 3) saliva samples. (F) CRP levels in diluted serum samples plotted against given COVID-19 symptom severity, with “Healthy” referring to COVID-19-negative patient samples (n = 7). Positive COVID-19 patients were classified according to disease severity as asymptomatic (n = 2), mild (n = 5), and moderate (n = 2).

Article Snippet: Mouse NP monoclonal antibody (mAb) (40143-MM05), SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen (40588-V08B), SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody, rabbit mAb (40143-R001), SARS-CoV NP antigen (HCoV-OC43; 40643-V07E), SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-His recombinant protein (HPLC-verified) (40591-V08H), and SARS-CoV Spike S1 protein (S1 subunit, His tag) (40150-V08B1) were purchased from Sino Biological.

Techniques: Incubation, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Whisker Assay